1. Robotics

2. Autonomous systems

3. Control systems

4. Mechatronics

1. Autonomous underwater robots

2. Robot design

3. Electromechanical systems

4. Intelligent control

5. Rehabilitation

6. Manufacturing systems

7. Renewable energy systems

1. Inventions on human power conversion featured on SBS Television, South Korea, in March 2008.

2. Invited to give a plenary lecture at 2005 Japanese Hydraulics and Pneumatics Society (JHPS) International Symposium on Fluid Power in Tsukuba, Japan.

3. Selected finalist for the 2004 Louisiana Innovator of the Year Award.

4. Inventions on play-based power generation featured in several leading media, e.g., Rediff.com (interview), India Abroad, Wired.com, ASEE Prism magazine, etc.

5. Invention of human power conversion based on children???s play was selected by the New York Times as an outstanding invention of 2003 (NYT Magazine, Dec. 14, 2003 annual special issue on ideas).

6. Invention of exercise-video gaming power converter featured on Discovery Channel, Canada (2005).

7. Invention of human power conversion from children???s play featured in school text book in Texas State, USA.

8. Short-listed for Best Paper Award at IEEE Int. Conf. Robotics and Automation, Nagoya (1995).

9. Awarded Monbusho Research Fellowship of the Japanese Ministry of Education (1992 - 94).

10. Received Young Scientist Research Grant for attending conferences in UK and USA (India; 1988).

11. Prizewinner in National Students Design Competition (India; 1981).

12. Recipient of National Merit Scholarship from the Government of India (1976 - 82).

Teaching

1. Lecturer, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Technology, G.B.Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pant Nagar, India (10-09-1984 to 31-07-1985).

2. Full-time Lecturer, Coordinated Research Division, College of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan (21-09-1994 to 20-09-1997).

3. Assistant Professor, Engineering Science Program, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, MI (01-09-2001 to 31-08-2003).

4. Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (04-08-2003 to 30-06-2007).

5. Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science and Industrial Technology, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, LA (13-08-2007 to 14-05-2012).

6. Professor and Head, Department of Information Technology, Velammal College of Engineering & Technology, Viraganoor, Madurai, TN (02-06-2012 to 01-07-2014).

7. Director-Research, and Professor, Department of Information Technology, Velammal College of Engineering & Technology, Viraganoor, Madurai, TN (02-07-2014 to 15-05-2015).

Research

1. Research Engineer, Center for Robotics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur (14-03-1990 ???to 08-04-1992)

2. Post-doctoral Research Fellow, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kyoto, Japan; Fellowship awarded by Japanese Ministry of Education (09-04-1992 to 31-03-1994)

3. Research Associate, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan (21-04-1994 to 20-09-1994)

4. Research Fellow, Japanese Society for Promotion of Science Project on Future Frontiers, Department of Robotics, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan (21-09-1997 to 31-12-2000).

1. Senior Member, IEEE

2. Member, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)

1. A. John Paul Antony and S. R. Pandian, 2014, "Web-Based Control and Monitoring of Telepresence Robot", Int. J. Innovative Research in Science, Engineering, & Tech., 3(3), pp. 1742-1747.

2. S. Pandian and S. R. Pandian, 2014, "A low-cost build-your-own three axis CNC mill prototype", Int. J. Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, vol. 2(1), pp. 6-11.

3. T. Maria Jenifer, T. S. Vasumathi Priyadharshini, R. Raja Lavanya, and S. R. Pandian, 2013, "Mobile Robot Temperature Monitoring System Controlled By Android Application via Bluetooth", Int. J. Advanced Computer Theory and Engineering, 2, No.3, pp. 138-142.

4. B. Xu, N. Sakagami, S.R. Pandian, and F. Petry, 2012, “Neuro-fuzzy control of underwater vehicle-manipulator systems”, J. Franklin Institute, 349, pp. 1125-1138. (SCI 2010-11 Impact factor: 2.26, Citations – 23)

5. S.R. Pandian and N. Sakagami, 2008, “System integration aspects of underwater vehicle-manipulator systems for oceanic exploration”, J. Soc. Instrument & Control Engineers (Japan), 47, pp. 830-836.

6. B. Xu, S.R. Pandian, M. Inoue, N. Sakagami, and S. Kawamura, 2006, “Model-based sliding mode control of underwater robot manipulators”, Int. J. Offshore and Polar Engineering, 16, pp. 210-217. (Impact factor: 0.3, Citations – 10)

7. Y. Hayakawa, S.R. Pandian, and S. Kawamura, 2004, “Development of an autonomous transfer machine using pneumatic actuators”, JSME International Journal, Series C, 47 (2), pp. 602-609. (Impact factor: 0.12, Citations – 6)

8. S.R. Pandian, F. Takemura, Y. Hayakawa, and S. Kawamura, 2002, “Pressure observer-controller design for pneumatic cylinder actuators”, IEEE Trans. Mechatronics, 7, pp. 490-499. (Impact factor: 3.652, Citations - 56)

9. F. Takemura, H. Mizutani, S.R. Pandian, Y. Hayakawa, and S. Kawamura, 2000, “Design and Control of a Vane-type Pneumatic Motor”, Trans. of Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, 68-C, pp. 117-124 [in Japanese].

10. F. Takemura, S.R. Pandian, Y. Hayakawa, and S. Kawamura, 2000, “Modelling and sliding mode control of a vane-type pneumatic motor”, J. of Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, 66-C, pp. 127-134 [in Japanese].

11. S.R. Pandian, F. Takemura, Y. Hayakawa, and S. Kawamura, 2000, “Practical design of adaptive model-based sliding mode control of pneumatic actuators”, Fluid Power Systems: J. of Japanese Hydraulics and Pneumatics Society, 31, pp. 107-114.

12. S.R. Pandian, Y. Hayakawa, Y.Kanazawa, Y.Kamoyama, and S. Kawamura, 1997, “Practical design of a sliding mode controller for pneumatic actuators”, Trans. ASME J. Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control, 119, pp. 664-674. (Impact factor: 1.04, Citations - 86)

13. S.R. Pandian and S. Kawamura, 1996, “Hybrid force/position control for robot manipulators based on a D-type learning law”, Robotica, 14, pp. 51-59. (Impact factor: 0.894, Citations – 9)

14. S.R. Pandian and S. Kawamura, 1996, “Force/position learning control of multiple robot manipulators”, J. of the Institute of Systems, Control, and Information Engineers, 9, pp. 101-111.

15. S.R. Pandian and M.Hanmandlu, 1995, “A model-based sliding mode controller for robot manipulators”, Int. J. Robotics and Automation, 10, pp. 29-34. (Impact factor: 0.66, Citations – 1)

16. S.R. Pandian and M.Hanmandlu, 1993, “Decentralised model-based control of a class of large-scale interconnected systems”, Int. J. Systems Science, 24, pp. 499-514. (Impact factor: 1.58, Citations – 7)

17. S.R. Pandian and M.Hanmandlu, 1993, “Adaptive generalised model-based control of robot manipulators”, Int. J. Control, 58, pp. 835-852. (Impact factor: 1.14, Citations – 22)

18. S.R. Pandian and M.Hanmandlu, 1992, “Stability of nonadaptive generalised model-based control of robot manipulators”, Int. J. Robotics and Automation, 7, pp. 105-110. (Impact factor: 0.66, Citations – 1)

19. S.R. Pandian, 1986, “The planning that failed: A retrospect as prospect”, Gandhi Marg: The Journal of the Gandhi Peace Foundation, 11, pp. 797-818.

20. S.R. Pandian and P.R.K.Rao, 1984, “Models as rationale: Observations on Basu's model”, The Indian Journal of Economics, LXV(II), pp.

1. A. Maruthupandi, N. Muthupalaniappan, and S. R. Pandian, 2015, “Visual servoing of a 2-link underwater robot manipulator”, poster paper presented at the Int. Symp. Underwater Technology, Chennai.

2. N. Muthupalaniappan, A. Maruthupandi, S. Pandian, A. John Paul Antony and S. R. Pandian, 2014, “A Low-cost Web-based Learning Platform for CNC Machining Education”, Proc. Int. Conf. Advanced Computing, Chennai.

3. S. Srimurugan and S. R. Pandian, 2014, "Remote Monitoring of Grain Storage System", Proc. IEEE International Conference on Advanced Communication Control and Computing Technologies, Ramanathapuram.

4. A. John Paul Antony and S. R. Pandian, 2014, "Web-Based Control and Monitoring of Telepresence Robot", Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Innovations in Engineering & Technology, Madurai.

5. P. Rengaraju, S. R. Pandian, and C-H. Lung, 2014, "Communication Networks and Non-Technical Energy Loss Control System for Smart Grid Networks", Proc. IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conf., Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, pp. 418-423.

6. A. Elizabeth, M. Saravana Mohan, P. Philip Samuel, S. R. Pandian, and B. K. Tyagi, 2014, "Identification and Eradication of Mosquito Breeding Sites using Wireless Networking and Electromechanical Technologies", Proc. Int. Conf. Recent Trends in Information Technology, Chennai.

7. S. Sathya Prabha, A. John Paul Antony, M. Janaki Meena, and S. R. Pandian, 2014, "Smart Cloud Robot using Raspberry Pi”, Proc. Int. Conf. Recent Trends in Information Technology, Chennai.

8. M. Janaki Meena, S. Sathya Prabha, and S. R. Pandian, 2014, "A Cloud-based Mobile Robotic System for Environmental Monitoring" Proc. Asia-Pacific Conf. on Computer-Aided Simulation Engineering, Bali, Indonesia, pp. 122-126.

9. S. Pandian and S. R. Pandian, 2013, "A low-cost build-your-own three axis CNC mill prototype", Proc. Int. Conf. Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Pune.

10. T. Maria Jenifer, T. S. Vasumathi Priyadharshini, R. Raja Lavanya, S. R. Pandian, 2013, "Mobile Robot Temperature Monitoring System

11. P. Lakshmi Subha, R. Tamil Selvi, S. Poonkuntran, and S. R. Pandian, 2013, "Vision Based Object Tracking Using Hough Transform", Proc. Int. Conf. on Recent Trends in Engineering & Technology, Bangalore.

12. K. Abraham and S.R. Pandian, 2013, “A low-cost mobile urban environmental monitoring system”, Proc. Int. Conf. Intelligent Systems, Modeling, and Simulation, Bangkok, Thailand, pp. 659-664.

13. S.R. Pandian and N. Sakagami, 2010, “Neuro-fuzzy control of an underwater robot manipulator”, Proc. Int. Conf. Adv. Robotics, Control, and Computer Vision, Singapore, pp. 2135-2140.

14. S.R. Pandian, 2008, “Neuro-fuzzy force control of a pneumatic cylinder actuator”, Presented at Int. Fluid Power Expo Technical Conference, Las Vegas, NV.

15. M. Vijayaraghavan, S.R. Pandian, and M. Asoodeh, 2008, “Playful learning: Environmental education using underwater robots”, Proc. Int. Conf. Underwater Intervention, New Orleans, LA.

16. S.R. Pandian, N. Sakagami, V. Tinnium, and F. Petry, 2007, “Fuzzy control of underwater robot manipulators”, Proc. Int. Conf. Underwater Intervention, New Orleans, LA

17. B. Xu, N. Sakagami, S.R. Pandian, and F. Petry, 2007, “Neuro-fuzzy control of underwater vehicle-manipulator systems”, Proc. Int. Symp. Mechatronics & Its Applications, Sharjah, UAE.

18. S. Tomita, H. Ko, B. Xu, N. Sakagami, and S.R. Pandian, 2006, “Development of an autonomous underwater vehicle-manipulator system”, Proc. Int. Conf. Underwater Intervention, Tampa, FL.

19. Y. Hayakawa, N. Ueda, S. Hirota, and S.R. Pandian, 2005, “Soft mechanism by using a sponge core soft rubber actuator for welfare machines”, Proc. JFPS Int. Symp. on Fluid Power, Tsukuba, Japan, pp. 191-195.

20. B. Xu, Y. Hayakawa, and S.R. Pandian, 2005, “A sliding mode fuzzy force tracking controller for pneumatic cylinders”, Proc. JFPS Int. Symp. on Fluid Power, Tsukuba, Japan, pp. 173-178.B. Xu, S.R. Pandian, and F. Petry, 2005, “A sliding mode fuzzy controller for underwater vehicle-manipulator systems”, Proc. National Association of Fuzzy Information Processing Systems Annual Conference, Ann Arbor, MI, pp. 181-186.

21. B. Xu, N. Sakagami, and S.R. Pandian, and F. Petry, 2005, “A fuzzy controller for underwater vehicle-manipulator systems”, Proc. MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference 2005, Washington, DC, pp. 1110-1115.

22. B. Xu, S.R. Pandian, M. Inoue, N. Sakagami, and S. Kawamura, 2005, “Model-based sliding mode control of underwater robot manipulators”, Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Robotics and Automation, Barcelona, Spain, pp.992-998.

23. Y. Hayakawa and S.R. Pandian, 2005, “Development of a hybrid element by using sponge core soft rubber actuator”, Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Robotics and Automation, Barcelona, Spain, pp.540-545.

24. B. Xu, Y. Hayakawa, S. Kawamura, and S.R. Pandian, 2005, “A sliding mode force controller for pneumatic cylinders”, Proc. Int. Fluid Power Expo Technical Conference, Las Vegas, NV, pp. 451-458.

25. Y. Hayakawa and S.R. Pandian, 2005, “Study on basic characteristics of pneumatic sponge core soft rubber actuator”, Proc. Int. Fluid Power Expo Technical Conference, Las Vegas, NV, pp. 649-657.

26. B. Xu, S. Abe, and S.R. Pandian, 2005, “A low-cost prototype ROV for monitoring of New Orleans aquatic environments”, Proc. Int. Conf. on Underwater Intervention, New Orleans, LA, pp. 190-195.

27. S.R. Pandian, 2004, “A human power conversion system based on children’s play”, Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Technology and Society, Worcester, MA, 2004, pp. 54-61.

28. S.R. Pandian, K. Hashimoto, K. Dery, and R. Victor, 2004, “Internet-based Control of a Prototype Underwater Robot”, Proc. Underwater Intervention 2004, New Orleans, LA, pp. 8-13.

29. S.R. Pandian, 2002, “Force control of a pneumatic cylinder by learning control”, The 6th World Muliconference on Systemics, Cybernetics, and Informatics (SCI2002), Orlando, FL, pp. 283-288.

30. F. Takemura, S.R. Pandian, Y. Nagase, H. Mizutani, Y. Hayakawa, and S. Kawamura, 2000, “Control of a hybrid pneumatic/electric motor”, IEEE/RSJ Int. Conf. Intelligent Robots and Systems, Kagawa, Japan, pp. 209-214.

31. S. Kawamura, T.Yonezawa, K.Fujimoto, Y. Hayakawa, T.Isaka, and S.R. Pandian, 2000, “Development of an Active Orthosis for Knee Motion by using Pneumatic Actuators”, International Conference on Machine Automation (ICMA2000), Osaka, Japan, pp. 615-620.

32. S.R. Pandian, F. Takemura, Y. Hayakawa, and S. Kawamura, 2000, “A sliding mode pressure observer for control of pneumatic cylinder actuators”, Japan-USA Symposium on Flexible Automation, Ann Arbor, MI, pp. 1327-1334.

33. F. Takemura, S.R. Pandian, Y. Nagase, H. Mizutani, Y. Hayakawa, and S. Kawamura, 2000, “Improvement of vane-type pneumatic motors and trial of hybrid pneumatic/ electric motors”, Japan-USA Symposium on Flexible Automation, Ann Arbor, MI, pp. 393-400.

34. Y. Hayakawa, T.Yamamoto, N.Iseki, Y.Amano, S.R. Pandian, and S. Kawamura, 1999, “Development of an autonomous transfer machine using pneumatic actuators”, Proc. Fourth JHPS International Symposium on Fluid Power, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 169-174.

35. F. Takemura, S.R. Pandian, Y. Hayakawa, and S. Kawamura, 1999, “Observer design for control of pneumatic cylinder actuators”, Proc. Bath Int. Workshop on Power Transmission and Motion Control, PTMC'99, Bath, UK, pp. 223-236.

36. S.R. Pandian, F. Takemura, Y. Hayakawa, and S. Kawamura, 1999, “Control performance of an air motor: Can air motors replace electric motors?”, Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Robotics and Automation, Detroit, MI, pp. 518-524.

37. Y. Hayakawa, M.Tamai, N.Kuribayashi, K.Suto, K.Shigetoshi, S.R. Pandian, T.Isaka, and S. Kawamura, 1998, “Development of an active orthosis for standing up motion by using hexahedron rubber actuator”, Proc. Japan-France/Asia-Europe Congress on Mechatronics, Kitakyushu, Japan, pp. 67-70.

38. S.R. Pandian, Y. Hayakawa, K.Ieda, Y.Kamoyama, and S. Kawamura, 1998, “Modelling and control of a pneumatic rotary actuator”, Proc. Bath Int. Workshop on Power Transmission and Motion Control, PTMC'98, Bath, UK, pp. 363-377.

39. S.R. Pandian, Y. Hayakawa, Y.Kamoyama, and S. Kawamura, 1997, “Practical design of adaptive model-based sliding mode control of pneumatic actuators”, Proc. Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics, AIM'97, Tokyo, Japan.

40. S.R. Pandian, Y. Hayakawa, Y.Kanazawa, and S. Kawamura, 1996, “Practical design of a sliding mode controller for pneumatic actuators”, Proc. Japan-USA Symp. on Flexible Automation, Boston, MA, pp. 181 – 188.

41. S. Kawamura, W.Choe, S.Tanaka, and S.R. Pandian, 1995, “Development of an ultra-high speed robot FALCON using wire drive system”, Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Robotics and Automation, Nagoya, Japan, pp. 215 – 220.

42. S.R. Pandian and S. Kawamura, 1994, “Force/position learning control of multiple robot manipulators”, Proc. Japan-USA Symp. on Flexible Automation, Kobe, Japan, pp. 955-962.

43. M. Hanmandlu and S.R. Pandian, 1993, “A model-based sliding mode controller for robot manipulators”, Proc. IEEE Conf. on Decision and Control, San Antonio, TX, pp. 2155-2156.

44. S.R. Pandian and S. Kawamura, 1993, “Hybrid force/position control for robot manipulators based on a D-type learning law”, Proc. IEEE/Nagoya University WWW on Learning and Adaptive Systems, Nagoya, Japan, pp. 61-68.

45. S.R. Pandian and M.Hanmandlu, 1991, “Decentralised model-based control of a class of large-scale, interconnected systems”, Presented at the IEEE Asia-Pacific Region 10 International Conference on EC3-Energy, Computer, Communication and Control Systems, New Delhi, India.

46. S.R. Pandian and M.Hanmandlu, 1991, “Stability of generalised model-based control of robot manipulators”, Proc. Int. Conf. on Intelligent Robotics, Bangalore, India, pp. 566-575.

47. S.R. Pandian, M.Hanmandlu and M.Gopal, 1988, “A decentralised variable structure model following controller for robot manipulators”, Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Robotics and Automation, Philadelphia, PA, pp. 1324-1328.

48. S.R. Pandian, M.Hanmandlu, and M.Gopal, 1988, “A decentralised high gain controller for trajectory control of robot manipulators”, Proc. IEE Int. Workshop on Robot Control: Theory and Applications, University of Oxford, UK, pp. 90-100.

49. S. R. Pandian, 2014, "An Integrated Approach to Mosquito Source Reduction using Electromechanical and Web Technologies", Proc. Brain Storming Conference Emerging New Epidemiological Dimensions of on Japanese Encephalitis and Acute Encephalitic Syndromes, Madurai, June 21-22.

50. S. R. Pandian, 2014, "Networked Autonomous Underwater Vehicles for Monitoring and Surveillance", Workshop on Intelligent Autonomous Unmanned Systems, Bangalore.

51. S. R. Pandian and M. Saravana Mohan, 2013, "Mobile indoor and outdoor control mechanisms to prevent mosquito breeding", poster presentation at Brain Storming Conference on Dengue Scenario in India, Madurai.

52. C. Martinez and S.R. Pandian, 2011, “A low-cost microcontroller-based system for computer interfacing and control system education”, Proc. ASEE Annual Gulf-Southwest Conference, Houston, TX.

53. M. Luo and S.R. Pandian, 2011, “Vision-based navigation of an indoor mobile robot using road information segmentation”, Proc. Louisiana Academy of Sciences Annual Conference, Monroe, LA.

54. S.R. Pandian, 2010, “Intelligent mechatronic technologies for green energy systems”, Proc. ASEE Annual Gulf-Southwest Conference, Lake Chares, LA.

55. M. Vijayaraghavan and S.R. Pandian, 2007, “Robotics for environmental education”, presented at Annual Northshore Excellence in Teaching with Technology (NETT) Conference, Hammond, LA.

56. H. Ko, S. Tomita, N. Sakagami, B. Xu, and S.R. Pandian, 2005, “Development of a low-cost autonomous underwater vehicle-manipulator system”, Proc. SICE Systems Integration conference, Kumamoto, Japan, [in Japanese].

57. S.R. Pandian, 2004, “Playful Learning: Robotics and Mechatronics Projects for Innovative Engineering Education”, Proc. ASEE Gulf-Southwest Section Annual Conference, Lubbock, TX.

58. K. Hashimoto, K. Dery, R. Victor, and S.R. Pandian, 2002, “Internet-based Teleoperation of an Underwater Robot”, Proc. SICE System

59. N. Sakagami, A.Ishihara, S.Nagasawa, Y.Nakahara, S.R. Pandian, T.Mitsuda, H.Ichii, M.Kumagai, and S. Kawamura, 2000, “Learning control for underwater robot manipulators”, Annual Meeting of the Robotics Society of Japan, Kusatsu, Japan, pp. 149-150. [in Japanese]

60. H. Mizutani, F. Takemura, T. Ogata, M. Inoue, S.R. Pandian, Y. Hayakawa, and S. Kawamura, 2000, “Practical design of sliding mode control for pneumatic robots: Verification of pressure observer and model-based control”, Annual Meeting of the Robotics Society of Japan, Kusatsu, Japan, pp. 171-172.

61. H. Ichii, M. Hirano, T. Kondo, S.R. Pandian, N. Fukao, and S. Kawamura, 2000, “Arbitrary force with the normal direction and speed pattern obtained through learning control with mechanical contact condition”, Annual Meeting of the Robotics Society of Japan, Kusatsu, Japan, pp. 495 – 496. [J]

62. S. Kawamura, Y. Hayakawa, K.Suto, T.Yonezawa, and S.R. Pandian, 1999, “Research on a pneumatic actuator-based support mechanism for standing up motion”, Annual Biomechanisms Conference, Kusatsu, Japan, pp. 900-903 [in Japanese].

63. S. Kawamura, S.R. Pandian, H. Kino, W. Choe, K. Katsuta, and K. Ohori, 1995, “Improvement of motion performance of the ultrahigh speed robot FALCON”, Annual Meeting of the Robotics Society of Japan, Kawasaki, Japan, pp. 65 – 66. [in Japanese]

64. S.R. Pandian, T. Okuda, Y. Mitani, K. Kurahashi, and S. Kawamura, 1995, “A piezoelectric force/force-derivative sensor for robotic applications”, Annual Meeting of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers, Sapporo, Japan, pp. 1147-1150 [in Japanese].

65. S.R. Pandian and P.R.K.Rao, 1987, “An optimal investment planning strategy for Indian economy: 1967-68 to 1983-84”, National Symp. Operations Research/Systems Analysis in the Nineties, New Delhi, India, pp. 217-235.

66. S.R. Pandian and P.R.K.Rao, 1986, “An optimal intersectoral investment allocation strategy for Indian economy”, National Systems Conference, New Delhi, India, pp. 205-212.

1. S.R. Pandian, 2006, "Pneumatic human power conversion system based on children's play", U.S. Patent No. 7,005, 757.